PISA 2025: abin da sakamakon ke aunawa, da abin da ba ya faɗa

Abin da PISA ke aunawa, da abin da ba ya aunawa

PISA na auna iyawar ɗalibai 'yan shekara 15 wajen amfani da iliminsu a yanayi na gaskiya, ba ƙwarewar koyar da manhajojin ƙasa ba (ma'aikatar ilimi ta Faransa, Satumba 2026). Zagayen 2025 ya shafi kimiyya.

A cewar ma'aikatar ilimi ta Faransa, ɗalibai 6 501 'yan shekara 15 ne suka halarta, a makarantu 302 da aka zaɓa bisa kaciya. Sakamakon na gama-gari ne: babu maki na kowane ɗalibi kuma babu jerin ƙasashe. Maki suna da tazarar amincewa: a kimiyya, maki 483 na Faransa ba su bambanta da na ƙasashe goma sha biyu na OECD ba; goma sha huɗu sun fi kyau (DEPP, takardar bayani ta 26.39, Satumba 2026).

Faransa: maki uku a matsakaici, hanya ta raguwa

Maki ukun Faransa suna kusa da matsakaicin OECD (482, 463 da 461), amma kowanne yana da labarinsa. Kimiyya ta kasance kusan tsaye tun 2022 (maki 4 ƙasa) kuma ta ragu da maki 12 tun 2015. Lissafi ya yi asarar maki 16 cikin shekaru uku, bayan maki 21 tsakanin 2018 da 2022; karatu, maki 18 cikin shekaru uku, bayan 19 tsakanin 2018 da 2022 (DEPP, takardun bayani ta 26.39 da 26.40).

Yunkurin ya wuce Faransa: a kan tsayayyen iyaka na ƙasashe 24 na OECD, matsakaitan sun ragu da maki 11 a kimiyya, 26 a lissafi da 31 a karatu tun 2015 (fayil ɗin manema labarai na ma'aikatar). Raguwar Faransa ta fi sauri a lissafi (maki 16 a kan 9 tun 2022), da asarar wurare takwas a cewar ma'aikatar (fayil ɗin manema labarai).

Rarraba tana canzawa: 33 % na ɗalibai suna ƙasa da mataki na 2 a karatu, 36 % a lissafi, 26 % a kimiyya; manyan masu nasara a karatu sun ragu daga 7 % zuwa 4 % cikin shekaru uku (DEPP, takardun bayani ta 26.39 da 26.40).

Japan, Estonia, Koriya, Kanada: kwatanta, da sharuɗɗa

Tsarin guda huɗu ne ke kan gaba, sama da matsakaicin OECD a fagage ukun (maki a kimiyya, lissafi da karatu; OECD, 8 Satumba 2026):

OECD tana lissafa waɗannan tsarin huɗu cikin waɗanda suka haɗa nasara, haɗa kai da ƙarancin nauyin muhallin zamantakewa: ƙasa da kashi 10 % na bambancin a kimiyya ana bayyana shi da matsayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa (rahoton OECD, juzu'i na I). Faransa tana wancan gefen: bambancin maki 100 tsakanin ɗalibai mafiya alfarma da mafiya rauni a kimiyya, a kan 85 a matsakaicin OECD (DEPP, takardar bayani ta 26.39).

Kwatancen yana da tarko, waɗanda OECD ta rubuta: waɗannan ƙasashe huɗu sun kuma yi asarar maki 12 zuwa 17 a karatu tun 2022; Kanada tana ɗauke da tauraro saboda bambancin samfuri, kuma alamar B-S-J-Z (Sin) da maki 597 ta shafi larduna huɗu, ba ƙasa ɗaya ba.

• Japan: 538, 525 da 503; 89 % a mataki na 2 ko sama a kimiyya.
• Estonia: 527, 508 da 499; 13 % mafiya nasara a lissafi.
• Koriya ta Kudu: 526, 522 da 501; 23 % mafiya nasara a lissafi.
• Kanada: 510, 485 da 490; 84 % a mataki na 2 ko sama a kimiyya.

Abin da matsakaici ba ya faɗa

Maki ba ƙwarewa tsantsa ba ne. Ma'aunin ƙoƙari yana ba da 6,4 cikin 10 a Faransa, a kan 7,2 a OECD, kuma alaƙarta da makin ba ta da ƙarfi: maki 450 ga matsakaicin ƙoƙari a karatu, 447 ga ƙarfin ƙoƙari (DEPP, takardar bayani ta 26.40).

Yanayin kuma yana da nauyi: matsayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa yana bayyana kashi 14 % na bambancin makin Faransa a kimiyya, a kan 12 % a matsakaicin OECD (takardar ƙasa ta OECD kan Faransa). Kuma matsakaicin OECD ya dogara da iyaka: raguwar karatu tun 2015 ya kai maki 28 a kan mambobin yanzu, 31 a kan tsayayyen iyaka na ƙasashe 24 (rahoton OECD, juzu'i na I). Faransa ta cika duk ka'idojin inganci na OECD (takardar ƙasa).

Abin da shugabancin makaranta zai iya yi

PISA tana kwatanta tsari, ba makaranta ɗaya ba. Amma alamu uku sun shafi shawarwarin da ake yankewa a wurin.

Karatu shine aikin da aka fi iya aunawa: ɗalibi ɗaya cikin uku ƙasa da mataki na 2, kuma a OECD raguwar ta fi mayar da hankali kan ayyuka masu rikitarwa, kamar auna majiyoyi da yawa ko kimanta bayani. Gwaje-gwajen ƙasa da jarrabawar matsayi a shekarar farko ta sakandare suna bin waɗannan ƙwarewoyin; jerin karatu na ma'aikatar, daga hutu na Toussaint 2026 (fayil ɗin manema labarai), suna bayar da sauƙin tallafi.

Allon waya al'amari ne na ƙa'idar cikin gida: inda aka hana wayar, rikicewar da aka bayyana tana raguwa da kusan 13 % (takardar ƙasa ta OECD kan Faransa), amma 27 % kawai na ɗaliban Faransa suna irin wannan makaranta, a kan 49 % a matsakaici. Doka ta faɗaɗa haramcin zuwa sakandare kuma tana buƙatar kowane shirin makaranta ya fayyace ƙa'idojinsa na amfani da dijital (fayil ɗin manema labarai).

Dangantaka da iyalai: 49 % na ɗaliban Faransa sun ce wani iyali yana sha'awar kowane mako ga abin da suke koya, a kan 58 % a OECD, kuma OECD tana danganta wannan musayar da bambancin maki 26 a kimiyya, da muhalli ɗaya (fayil ɗin manema labarai). PISA tana kafa tsarin ƙasa, da manufar samun maki 20 nan da 2029 (fayil ɗin manema labarai); shawarwarin suna dogara ne kan bayanan gida.